Identify thermostat wire colors and terminals. Select your system type and see exactly which wires connect where.
Thermostat wiring uses color-coded low-voltage wires (24V). Each color connects to a specific terminal controlling a different part of your HVAC system. Getting the wiring wrong can damage your thermostat or control board — a control board replacement costs $200-$600.
Smart thermostats (Nest, Ecobee, Honeywell) need constant 24V power via the C (common) wire. Older homes often lack this wire. Solutions: run a new wire, use a C-wire adapter, or use a thermostat with battery backup.
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